Pergamon Museum
The Pergamon Museum is one of the most renowned museums in Berlin, Germany, and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage site of Museum Island. Here is detailed information about this iconic institution:
History
- Foundation and Construction: The museum was built between 1910 and 1930, designed by architect Alfred Messal to house the monumental architectural finds from the excavations of the Pergamon Altar, which was discovered by German archaeologist Carl Humann in the ancient city of Pergamon, Turkey.
- Opening: It was officially opened on 18 December 1930.
Collections
The museum's collections are divided into several major sections:
- The Pergamon Altar: This is the centerpiece of the museum, featuring the monumental altar from the Hellenistic period, dedicated to Zeus and Athena. The frieze depicts the Gigantomachy, the battle between the Giants and the Olympian gods.
- The Collection of Classical Antiquities: This collection includes artifacts from ancient Greece, Rome, and other parts of the Ancient Near East, showcasing the development of classical culture.
- The Museum of the Ancient Near East: Here, visitors can explore artifacts from Mesopotamia, including the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, the Processional Way, and the Market Gate of Miletus.
- The Islamic Art Museum: This part of the museum displays art and artifacts from the Islamic world, spanning from Spain to India, highlighting the artistic achievements of Islamic civilization.
Architecture
The building itself is an impressive example of Neoclassical Architecture, designed to mimic the grandeur of the ancient structures it houses. Its massive size, with a length of 138 meters, a width of 100 meters, and a height of 30 meters, makes it one of the largest museums in Germany.
Controversies and Restoration
- Restoration: Due to structural issues and the need for preservation of its collections, the museum underwent extensive renovations starting in 2012. The Pergamon Altar is currently not on display and is expected to return by 2023.
- Controversy: The acquisition of many artifacts by the museum, especially from former Ottoman territories, has been a point of contention regarding cultural heritage and the ethics of archaeology.
Visitor Experience
The Pergamon Museum offers visitors a deep dive into ancient civilizations, with educational tours, temporary exhibitions, and interactive elements that enhance the understanding of historical contexts.
External Links
Related Topics